Z-Special Projects - Postwar War
By 1967, Egypt is so regained his strength after the previous defeat by Israel and its allies, that thought himself capable of starting a new war in the region. In May, President Nasser, with support from Syria and Jordan, the newly declared Israeli blockade of the coast and demanded the withdrawal of UN troops from the armistice line. In preparation for the new opposition, Arab forces have secured an advantage in the number of soldiers and tanks - two times, artillery - five times, according to aviation - and a half times.
The USSR provided the Arab coalition direct military aid. His military advisers were attached to virtually all Egyptian and Syrian parts. The squadron of the Black Sea Fleet was deployed in Port Said of 40 warships, including the cruiser and ten submarines. Everything was ready for the start of a new war.
Israel responded immediately and exactly the same way as in 1956. June 5, he struck a powerful preventive air strikes on the positions of the coalition forces. They were followed by ground strokes from three directions - the Sinai, Damascus and Amman. The fighting lasted only six days. During this time the Arabs have lost up to 40 thousand. People, about 900 tanks, 1000 Art systems, 400 aircraft (80% of the losses were in Egypt).
Soviet squadron from Port Said never joined the battle. In contrast to her coast of Egypt blocked the 6th US fleet. Soviet aircraft also could not climb into the sky. Base Cairo West, where they were based, has been completely destroyed with two strikes. Pilots themselves miraculously managed to escape. Only the defense managed to somehow show off: 48 Israeli planes were destroyed with the help of Soviet missiles S-75.
June 9 UN Security Council adopted a resolution on a cease-fire, which has recognized Israel's right to control over the Sinai Peninsula up to the Suez Canal. For Israel and moved to Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights and the West Bank. Egypt again almost completely lost its military forces and began to re-create with the help of the USSR.
The period of 1969-1970 years was called "the war of attrition." It is proceeded as artillery shootings on the border, single air engagements, daring commando raids through Suez and individual Egyptian fleet operations. So, on the night of November 10, 1969 under the leadership of the Egyptian destroyer of Soviet naval officers destroyed their fire equipment warehouses, fuel and ammunition in areas Rumani and El Baluzy. At the commencement of their persecuted to 40 Israeli aircraft, three of which were shot down by anti-aircraft fire.
From the Soviet Union were ever new transports with equipment. In Egypt arrived MiG-21 long-range bombers Tu-16, Su-7B. Israel has sought to keep up the arms race. Received from the United States and British F-4 helped to change the course of the "war of attrition", transferring it to the borders deep into Egyptian territory. Jamming system, standing on these machines, making air defense powerless Egyptians.
Then the Soviet Union broke into Egypt his division of anti-aircraft missile systems S-125. March 15, 1970 she destroyed the first aircraft, which turned Egyptian Il-28. All pilots were killed at the same time. A little later, it was shot down by the fire Egyptian Su-7B and passenger An-24 and Boeing. Moscow was in shock and would severely punish their "heroes." However, they have stood for the Egyptian senior military officials. They stated that any claims to the Soviet side and do not have, on the contrary, is very pleased with the results firing. Soon after the Soviet rocket men accustomed to the situation and make for the Israelis. Only 94 Israeli aircraft were shot down in 1969-1970 (ie almost half of the Air Force combat fleet).
By the end of 1970 the number of regular Soviet troops in Egypt has reached 15-20 thousand. Man. Following the division of air defense squadron were sent to jammers Tu-16P, the squadron of anti-IL-38, the 135th Fighter Wing (40 MiG-21MF) and 35th Reconnaissance Squadron (30 more MiG-21). Later adopted last received latest MiG-25R. Flying at altitudes above 20 km, and the speed, three times the speed of sound, they felt perfectly safe in the sky over all Israel. Fighters and enemy missiles just did not reach them.
The coming to power in Egypt, Anwar Sadat (President Nasser died in 1970) has led to significant changes in the political course of the country. The new leader did not trust Moscow and more sympathetic to the United States. Washington promised Cairo $ 3 billion in annual aid, provided that the Russian side would leave Egypt. July 7, 1972 at a meeting with the Soviet ambassador Sadat said that Egypt is no longer in need of military aid, and demanded that the Soviet military were evacuated to the home for ten days. The requirement has been fulfilled. After that, in the years 1972-1973 Cairo got more equipment than in the previous two years, but regular part of Egypt and did not return.
October 6, 1973 with the support of Syria, Egypt started a new war against Israel. Arabs again have a double advantage in power. The Soviet Union was ready to once again support their own troops. In the Mediterranean, ship 34 and 23 submarines, landing in Port Said preparing Marines were deployed. But the offensive petered out, and soon already advancing Israel, whose tanks direct route to Cairo was opened. The UN Security Council tried to stop warring parties, in its resolution, but Israel stop military action is not desired. And then the Soviet Union plunged into the seven planes landing divisions. The war was stopped. This was the last war of the Soviet Union in Egypt.
In 1992, the Georgian-Ossetian war ended with the signing of a peace agreement Dagomys and the introduction to the republic peacekeeping force composed of Russian, Georgian and Ossetian battalions. Since then, South Ossetia has been de facto independent. A similar scenario the second unrecognized states in the territory of Georgia, Abkhazia became.
The situation in the region began to deteriorate in 2004, after coming to power in Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili. He headed for the restoration of control over the breakaway regions, reoriented foreign policy in the EU, the US and NATO, repeatedly made anti-Russian statements. The country passed a military reform by Western standards, military spending in 2008 increased by 33 times and reached $ 1 billion a year. Russia in response to strengthened support to South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
The situation worsened dramatically in the spring of 2008, when they started shooting at the Georgian-South Ossetian border. In July, the Georgian military took control of the height of Tskhinvali. In the same month last large-scale US-Georgian exercise "Immediate Response". Russia responded exercises "Caucasus-2008", which were involved in 8 th. Of servicemen and 700 pieces of equipment.
August 7 after a week of active firefights Georgia declared a unilateral cease-fire, but almost immediately canceled it, citing the shelling of Georgian villages.
The shelling of the column of Russian armored vehicles in South Ossetia (2008)
On the night of August 8, Georgian artillery opened heavy fire onTskhinvali,Georgian troops moved deeper into the country. Commander of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, Major-General Marat Kulakhmetov Russian army at an emergency briefing told reporters that "the Georgian side has virtually declared war on South Ossetia."
The total number of groupings of the Georgian army concentrated in South Ossetian boundaries was about 12 thousand. People and 75 T-72, more than 100 artillery pieces. All ground forces there are about 22 thousand. Man. Defense of South Ossetia provided the militia, which is located light weapons, dozens of outdated T-55 tanks and several pieces of heavy artillery. Russian peacekeeping contingent consisted of 500 people in the country and another 3 thousand. Abkhazia.
By the morning of August 8 Georgian authorities reported that they control "almost all" settlements of South Ossetia except Java and Tskhinvali. Russian peacekeepers have reported dead and wounded as a result of "precision fire" from the Georgian side. By noon, through the Roki tunnel into South Ossetia entered battalion tactical group from the 693rd and 503th Motorized Rifle Regiment of the 19th Motorized Rifle Division and the 135th Motorized Rifle Regiment of the 58th Army of the North Caucasus Military District. Began clash of Russian and Georgian troops in the air there was a Russian aircraft.
The fact that the Russian military in South Ossetia "to carry out operations on compulsion to peace", Russian President Dmitry Medvedev officially announced until the following day, August 9, at a meeting in the Kremlin with Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov and Chief of General Staff Nikolai Makarov.
Prime Minister Vladimir Putin on August 8 was in Beijing at the opening of the Olympic Games. August 28, he said in an interview with CNN, that the decision to send troops into Georgia took the president and commander in chief Medvedev, although he "knew my views on this issue." In 2012, also from the words of Vladimir Putin, it became known that in case of Georgia's attack on South Ossetia plan was developed by the General Staff at the end of 2006-early 2007 and approved by him personally.
Operative intervention in Russia conflict Mixed Georgian military plans, calculated quickly take control of the rebel republic. In just a few days the Russian group was reduced to 14 thousand. People, about 100 tanks and self-propelled guns, more than 40 multiple rocket launchers, 400 infantry fighting vehicles and 200 armored personnel carriers. More than 500 paratroopers of the 108th Airborne Assault Regiment landed in Abkhazia, to the shores of a group of Black Sea Fleet ships approached. Russian Air Force planes flew more than 100 sorties.
As a result, by 14 o'clock on August 10, the Georgian army is completely left the territory of South Ossetia. Russian forces began to move into Georgia and stopped in the vicinity of Gori, which offers a direct route to Tbilisi.
Dmitry Medvedev to recognize the independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia (2008)
Around noon on August 12, Dmitry Medvedev said that the operation is complete. At the meeting, who arrived to Moscow by French President Nicolas Sarkozy had worked out a plan for a peaceful settlement of the six points that15-16 August signed by the presidents of Georgia and Russia.
Russian side losses, according to General Staff 74 made of killed, 171 wounded and 19 missing. Later called numbers 71 dead and 340 wounded (military prosecutor), 64 dead and 283 wounded (Ministry of Defense), 67 dead (Investigation Committee).
Georgia reported 412 killed (including 228 civilians), 1,747 injured and 24 missing. As trophies in Russian hands and Ossetian forces were Georgian tanks 65, 20 BMP, about 10 defense installations, several tens of artillery pieces. Accurate data on casualties technology no sides, evaluations vary widely. You can say for sure that Georgia has almost completely lost fleet, including two missile boats "Tbilisi" and "Dioskuriya". The Russian side has lost at least four military aircraft, including Tu-22 (on the Georgian authorities have stated that the plane was shot down 21).
Military victory remained with Moscow. Russian troops were able to quickly turn the tide in their favor, and to demonstrate that the modernization of the army on the Western model is not a guarantee of success. At the same time, the conflict exposed weaknesses in the Russian Air Force. War on the Russian front, the information clearly lost. Georgia has appeared in the world media as a victim. Moscow had to repeatedly deny reports about the plans of annexation of Georgia and the bombing of civilians.
The conflict led to the first serious deterioration in relations with the West. Unlike Russia, most of the world did not recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and the content of the two republics is completely laid on the Russian budget.
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